SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions | Assam Eduverse
SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions are prepared to help students understand inheritance patterns and evolutionary concepts for the HSLC examination. These SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions include theory-based questions, numerical problems, previous year questions (PYQs), and important MCQs.
The SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions strictly follow the latest SEBA (ASSEB) syllabus for 2026–27. Since students must attempt 45 MCQs in the HSLC Science examination, practising MCQs from SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions is essential.
Topics covered in SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions include Mendel’s experiments, dominant and recessive traits, genotype and phenotype, sex determination, acquired and inherited traits, and evolutionary relationships. Students searching for HSLC Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Questions or SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 PYQs will find this resource highly beneficial.
SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Questions with PYQs and MCQs
Table of Contents
A. Previous Year Questions with Answers
Q1. The organs having different origin, similar appearance and similar function are called —[HSLC 2016]
(a) Homologous
(b) analogous
(c) adjacent
(d) vestigeous
Answer: (b) analogous
Q2. Humans have originated in —[HSLC 2017]
(a) Asia
(b) Africa
(c) Australia
(d) Europe
Answer: (b) Africa
Q3. During the course of evolution, the process by which the characteristic features of the members of a species modify due to the influence of various factors and thus give rise to organisms with new characteristics is called —[HSLC 2019]
(a) speciation
(b) evolution
(c) inheritance
(d) variation
Answer: (b) evolution
Q4. If a cross is made between the plants having TT (tall) and tt (dwarf) genetic composition, which type of plants we will get in F₁ generation? —[HSLC 2020]
(a) Tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) both
(b) Only tall
(c) Only dwarf
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Only tall
Q5. When two pea plants, one with yellow and round seeds and the other with green and wrinkled seeds are crossed, the plants of the F₂ generation will be obtained in the ratio —[HSLC 2022]
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 3 : 1
(c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(d) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
Answer: (c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Q6. An example of homologous organs are —[HSLC 2023]
(a) wings of a bird and a bat
(b) wings of a butterfly and a bat
(c) wings of a pigeon and hands of man
(d) wings of a parrot and a honey bee
Answer: (c) wings of a pigeon and hands of man
Q7. Which of the following chromosome sets will determine the male sex in a human individual? —[HSLC 2023]
(a) XX
(b) XY
(c) XO
(d) YO
Answer: (b) XY
Q8. Find out the analogous organs from the following. [HSLC 2024]
(A) Wing of a bat and wing of a bird
(B) Wing of a bat and forearm of human
(C) Forearm of a frog and forearm of a lizard
(D) Wing of a bird and forearm of a frog
Answer: (A) Wing of a bat and wing of a bird
Q9. Who put forward the theory of ‘natural selection’ to give the idea of evolution of species in the 19th century? [HSLC 2024]
(A) Charles Darwin
(B) Gregor Johann Mendel
(C) Stanley L. Miller
(D) Harold C. Urey
Answer: (A) Charles Darwin
Q10. In a Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding a tall plant bearing violet flowers with a short pea plant bearing white flowers, the progenies all with violet flowers were obtained. But almost half of them were obtained to be short. This suggests that the genetic makeup of the tall parent can be depicted as [HSLC 2024]
(A) TTWW
(B) ttww
(C) TtWW
(D) TtWw
Answer: (C) TtWW
Q11. The examples of homologous organ are [HSLC 2025]
(a) potato and runners grass
(b) our arm and a dog’s foreleg
(c) our teeth and an elephant’s tusk
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Q12. In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with [HSLC 2025]
(a) a Chinese schoolboy
(b) a spider
(c) a chimpanzee
(d) a bacterium
Answer: (c) a chimpanzee
Q13. Our genetic footprints can be traced back to our [HSLC 2025]
(a) Asian roots
(b) African roots
(c) European roots
(d) American roots
Answer: (b) African roots
Q14. The wings of a bat and the wings of a bird are [HSLC 2025]
(a) homologous organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) invertebrate
(d) hormone
Answer: (b) analogous organs
Q15. In evolutionary terms, which among the following has better body design? [HSLC 2025]
(a) Bacteria
(b) Spider
(c) Fish
(d) Chimpanzee
Answer: (d) Chimpanzee
B. Extra Questions with Answers
Q.1 In a monohybrid cross between tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) pea plants, all the F₁ progeny were tall. This shows that —
(a) Tallness is recessive
(b) Dwarfness is dominant
(c) Tallness is dominant
(d) Both traits blend
Answer: (c) Tallness is dominant
Q.2 In the F₂ generation of a monohybrid cross between tall and dwarf pea plants, the phenotypic ratio observed is —
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 3 : 1
(c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(d) 1 : 2 : 1
Answer: (b) 3 : 1
Q.3 Assertion (A): In sexually reproducing organisms, two copies of a gene are present for each trait.
Reason (R): One copy of the gene is inherited from each parent.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q.4 When a tall plant with round seeds (TTRR) is crossed with a short plant with wrinkled seeds (ttrr), the F₁ generation will have —
(a) Tall plants with round seeds
(b) Short plants with wrinkled seeds
(c) Tall plants with wrinkled seeds
(d) Short plants with round seeds
Answer: (a) Tall plants with round seeds
Q.5 In the F₂ generation of a dihybrid cross involving seed shape and seed colour in pea plants, the phenotypic ratio obtained is —
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(d) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
Answer: (c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Q.6 A section of DNA that provides information for one protein is called —
(a) Chromosome
(b) Nucleus
(c) Gene
(d) Trait
Answer: (c) Gene
Q.7 Which of the following correctly represents sex determination in human beings?
(a) XX – Male, XY – Female
(b) XY – Male, XX – Female
(c) XO – Male, XX – Female
(d) YY – Male, XX – Female
Answer: (b) XY – Male, XX – Female
Q.8 If a green-coloured beetle survives better on green bushes because crows cannot see it easily, this is an example of —
(a) Genetic drift
(b) Natural selection
(c) Artificial selection
(d) Acquired trait
Answer: (b) Natural selection
Q.9 Match the following:
Column I | Column II
A. Homologous organs | 1. Same function, different origin
B. Analogous organs | 2. Same origin, different functions
C. Fossils | 3. Preserved traces of organisms
D. Genetic drift | 4. Change in gene frequency by chance
(a) A–2, B–1, C–3, D–4
(b) A–1, B–2, C–4, D–3
(c) A–3, B–4, C–1, D–2
(d) A–2, B–3, C–1, D–4
Answer: (a) A–2, B–1, C–3, D–4
Q.10 According to the theory of evolution, human beings and chimpanzees —
(a) Evolved directly from each other
(b) Have no common ancestor
(c) Share a common ancestor
(d) Belong to different species with no relation
Answer: (c) Share a common ancestor
Q.11 When tall F₁ pea plants (Tt) are self-pollinated, what will be the genotypic ratio in the F₂ generation?
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(d) 1 : 1
Answer: (b) 1 : 2 : 1
Q.12 Assertion (A): Traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual are not inherited.
Reason (R): Changes in non-reproductive tissues cannot affect the DNA of germ cells.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q.13 In humans, all children inherit which chromosome from their mother?
(a) X chromosome
(b) Y chromosome
(c) Either X or Y chromosome
(d) No sex chromosome
Answer: (a) X chromosome
Q.14 If a population of beetles changes in colour due to accidental survival after an elephant stamps on the bushes, this is an example of —
(a) Natural selection
(b) Artificial selection
(c) Genetic drift
(d) Speciation
Answer: (c) Genetic drift
Q.15 The basic unit of classification in evolutionary relationships is based on similarities in —
(a) Habitat only
(b) Body size only
(c) Characteristics
(d) Food habits only
Answer: (c) Characteristics
Q.16 Which of the following is an example of homologous organs?
(a) Wings of butterfly and wings of bat
(b) Forelimbs of human and forelimbs of dog
(c) Wings of bird and wings of insect
(d) Eyes of octopus and eyes of human
Answer: (b) Forelimbs of human and forelimbs of dog
Q.17 Match the following:
Column I | Column II
A. TT | 1. Homozygous recessive
B. tt | 2. Heterozygous
C. Tt | 3. Homozygous dominant
D. XX | 4. Female
(a) A–3, B–1, C–2, D–4
(b) A–1, B–3, C–2, D–4
(c) A–3, B–2, C–1, D–4
(d) A–2, B–1, C–3, D–4
Answer: (a) A–3, B–1, C–2, D–4
Q.18 Which of the following situations can lead to speciation?
(a) Variation without isolation
(b) Geographical isolation with variation
(c) Asexual reproduction only
(d) No genetic change
Answer: (b) Geographical isolation with variation
Q.19 Fossils found in deeper layers of the earth are generally —
(a) More recent
(b) Older
(c) Identical to present organisms
(d) Artificially made
Answer: (b) Older
Q.20 Assertion (A): Evolution does not necessarily mean progress.
Reason (R): Evolution results in formation of more complex organisms while simpler organisms disappear.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (c) A is true but R is false
Q.21 A cross between pea plants with round yellow seeds (RRYY) and wrinkled green seeds (rryy) will produce F₁ generation with genotype —
(a) RRYY
(b) RrYy
(c) rryy
(d) RRYy
Answer: (b) RrYy
Q.22 In a dihybrid cross, the appearance of new combinations of traits in the F₂ generation shows —
(a) Blending of traits
(b) Dominance only
(c) Independent inheritance of traits
(d) Acquired variation
Answer: (c) Independent inheritance of traits
Q.23 Which of the following statements best describes a recessive trait?
(a) It is expressed only in homozygous condition
(b) It is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions
(c) It is always stronger than dominant trait
(d) It never appears in F₂ generation
Answer: (a) It is expressed only in homozygous condition
Q.24 When a section of DNA changes due to copying errors during reproduction, it results in —
(a) Fossil formation
(b) Variation
(c) Speciation directly
(d) Extinction
Answer: (b) Variation
Q.25 Match the following:
Column I | Column II
A. Natural selection | 1. Change in gene frequency by chance
B. Genetic drift | 2. Selection by environmental factors
C. Artificial selection | 3. Selection by humans
D. Speciation | 4. Formation of new species
(a) A–2, B–1, C–3, D–4
(b) A–1, B–2, C–4, D–3
(c) A–3, B–4, C–1, D–2
(d) A–2, B–3, C–1, D–4
Answer: (a) A–2, B–1, C–3, D–4
Q.26 In humans, the sex of the child is determined by —
(a) The mother only
(b) The father only
(c) Both parents equally by X chromosome
(d) Environmental temperature
Answer: (b) The father only
Q.27 Assertion (A): Homologous organs have similar basic structure.
Reason (R): Homologous organs perform the same function in all organisms.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (c) A is true but R is false
Q.28 Which of the following provides direct evidence for evolution?
(a) Analogous organs
(b) Fossils
(c) Dominant traits
(d) Germ cells
Answer: (b) Fossils
Q.29 The evolution of feathers in dinosaurs, later adapted for flight in birds, shows —
(a) Acquired traits
(b) Adaptation of organs to new functions
(c) Genetic drift only
(d) Artificial selection
Answer: (b) Adaptation of organs to new functions
Q.30 A population of organisms that cannot reproduce with another population of the same species is said to have undergone —
(a) Variation
(b) Evolution
(c) Speciation
(d) Classification
Answer: (c) Speciation
Q.31 In pea plants, if T represents tallness and t represents dwarfness, which of the following genotypes will produce dwarf plants?
(a) TT
(b) Tt
(c) tt
(d) TT and Tt
Answer: (c) tt
Q.32 Which of the following correctly explains why acquired traits are not inherited?
(a) They occur only in somatic cells
(b) They change the genes in germ cells
(c) They increase variation
(d) They are always dominant
Answer: (a) They occur only in somatic cells
Q.33 In a cross between two heterozygous tall plants (Tt × Tt), what percentage of the offspring will be dwarf?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 75%
(d) 100%
Answer: (a) 25%
Q.34 Match the following:
Column I | Column II
A. Gene | 1. Basic unit of life
B. Chromosome | 2. Section of DNA coding for a protein
C. Cell | 3. Carrier of genes
D. Germ cell | 4. Contains single set of genes
(a) A–2, B–3, C–1, D–4
(b) A–3, B–2, C–1, D–4
(c) A–2, B–1, C–3, D–4
(d) A–4, B–3, C–2, D–1
Answer: (a) A–2, B–3, C–1, D–4
Q.35 The formation of sandstone over buried organisms leading to preservation of their body impressions is related to —
(a) Mutation
(b) Fossilisation
(c) Genetic drift
(d) Artificial selection
Answer: (b) Fossilisation
Q.36 Assertion (A): In asexual reproduction, variations are usually fewer than in sexual reproduction.
Reason (R): Sexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes from two parents.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q.37 The independent inheritance of two different traits in pea plants was demonstrated by Mendel using —
(a) Monohybrid cross
(b) Back cross
(c) Dihybrid cross
(d) Test cross
Answer: (c) Dihybrid cross
Q.38 If a large river separates two populations of beetles and prevents interbreeding, this may lead to —
(a) Genetic drift only
(b) Artificial selection
(c) Geographical isolation
(d) Acquired variation
Answer: (c) Geographical isolation
Q.39 Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?
(a) Evolution always produces more advanced organisms
(b) Simpler organisms cannot survive in modern times
(c) Evolution results in diversity shaped by environmental selection
(d) Human beings are the highest stage of evolution
Answer: (c) Evolution results in diversity shaped by environmental selection
Q.40 In humans, females have which combination of sex chromosomes?
(a) XY
(b) XX
(c) XO
(d) YY
Answer: (b) XX
Q.41 Which of the following statements best explains genetic drift?
(a) Selection of traits by environmental factors
(b) Change in gene frequency due to chance events in small populations
(c) Inheritance of acquired characters
(d) Artificial selection by humans
Answer: (b) Change in gene frequency due to chance events in small populations
Q.42 In a population of beetles, green colour increases in number because crows cannot easily see them on green leaves. This situation illustrates —
(a) Genetic drift
(b) Natural selection
(c) Speciation
(d) Fossilisation
Answer: (b) Natural selection
Q.43 Which of the following is an example of analogous organs?
(a) Forelimbs of human and horse
(b) Wings of bat and bird
(c) Hands of man and flippers of whale
(d) Arm of man and foreleg of dog
Answer: (b) Wings of bat and bird
Q.44 The age of fossils can be determined by —
(a) Colour of fossil only
(b) Size of fossil only
(c) Position in rock layers and radioactive dating
(d) Shape of fossil only
Answer: (c) Position in rock layers and radioactive dating
Q.45 Assertion (A): All human beings belong to a single species.
Reason (R): There is no biological basis for dividing humans into races.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Q.46 The first primitive organisms are believed to have arisen from —
(a) Complex animals
(b) Simple inorganic molecules
(c) Fossils
(d) Modern plants
Answer: (b) Simple inorganic molecules
Q.47 Which of the following combinations correctly represents homologous organs?
(a) Wings of insect and wings of bird
(b) Eye of octopus and eye of human
(c) Forelimbs of human and wings of bird
(d) Wings of butterfly and wings of bat
Answer: (c) Forelimbs of human and wings of bird
Q.48 During sexual reproduction, stability of DNA in a species is maintained because —
(a) Gametes have double set of chromosomes
(b) Gametes have single set of chromosomes
(c) Only male parent contributes DNA
(d) DNA does not replicate
Answer: (b) Gametes have single set of chromosomes
Q.49 The evolution of wild cabbage into cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and kale through human selection is an example of —
(a) Natural selection
(b) Genetic drift
(c) Artificial selection
(d) Mutation
Answer: (c) Artificial selection
Q.50 In evolutionary terms, organisms that share more characteristics are considered to —
(a) Have no common ancestor
(b) Be less related
(c) Be more closely related
(d) Belong to different kingdoms
Answer: (c) Be more closely related
SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions for HSLC Exam 2026–27
The SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions provided here are prepared according to the latest SEBA (ASSEB) syllabus 2026–27. These SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions include conceptual MCQs, short answer questions, long answer questions, and genetic cross problems aligned with the HSLC exam pattern.
As per the latest HSLC structure, students must answer 45 MCQs. Therefore, regular practice of SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions ensures strong preparation for MCQ-based and reasoning-type questions.
The SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions cover Mendelian inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex determination in humans, and basic concepts of evolution. Continuous revision using SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions improves conceptual clarity and problem-solving skills.
These Class 10 Heredity and Evolution Important Questions with MCQs are ideal for final revision. Consistent practice of SEBA Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Extra Questions strengthens exam confidence and scoring performance.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Why is Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution important for HSLC exam?
This chapter explains inheritance patterns, Mendel’s laws, sex determination, and evolution which are frequently asked in HSLC Science exams.
2. How many MCQs are asked in HSLC Science exam?
Students must answer 45 MCQs as per the latest HSLC Science examination pattern.
3. Are MCQs included in Heredity and Evolution important questions?
Yes, conceptual and genetic cross-based MCQs are included according to the updated HSLC exam structure.
4. Are these questions based on SEBA syllabus?
Yes, all questions are prepared strictly according to the latest SEBA (ASSEB) syllabus for 2026–27.
5. Do these include previous year questions?
Yes, previous year questions are included to help students understand HSLC exam trends.
6. Which topics are covered in Chapter 9?
Topics include Mendelian inheritance, genotype and phenotype, sex determination, acquired traits, and evolution.
7. Can practising these improve exam performance?
Yes, regular revision improves conceptual clarity, problem-solving skills, and MCQ accuracy in the HSLC examination.
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