SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs – Environment and Environmental Problems (2026–27)
SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems (2026–27) are carefully prepared by Assam Eduverse to help HSLC students score higher in Geography objective questions. As per the latest HSLC exam pattern, 45 MCQs are asked, making SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems a highly scoring chapter in Geography.
This Geography chapter explains the meaning of environment, components of environment, and major environmental problems affecting human life. The SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems focus on pollution, deforestation, global warming, resource depletion, and conservation, which are frequently asked in exams.
By practising these Class 10 SEBA Geography MCQ practice questions, students can improve conceptual clarity, accuracy, and exam confidence. This page also includes HSLC Geography Chapter 2 MCQs previous year questions along with extra objective questions for complete preparation for the HSLC 2026–27 Geography examination.
SEBA HSLC Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs – Environment and Environmental Problems (45 MCQs Pattern)
Table of Contents
A. Previous Year MCQs Questions with Answers
Q.1 Which one of the following is a non-renewable resource? [HSLC 2014, 2017, 2019]
(a) Water
(b) Sunshine
(c) Plants
(d) Natural Gas
Answer: (d) Natural Gas
Q.2 Which one of the following resources is a non-renewable resource? [HSLC 2016]
(a) Crops
(b) Man
(c) Iron
(d) Sunlight
Answer: (c) Iron
Q.3 Which one of the following is abiotic resources? [HSLC 2017]
(a) Air
(b) Plants
(c) Animals
(d) Crops
Answer: (a) Air
Q.4 Which one of the following is man-made resource? [HSLC 2018, 2020]
(a) Forest
(b) Irrigation
(c) Rivers
(d) Mineral Oil
Answer: (b) Irrigation
Q.5 Which one of the following is an abiotic resource? [HSLC 2022]
(a) Air
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungus
(d) Crop
Answer: (a) Air
Q.6 Which of the following is not a primary occupation? [HSLC 2023]
(a) Fishing
(b) Forest resource collection
(c) Manufacturing process
(d) Agricultural activity
Answer: (c) Manufacturing process
Q.7 Which of the following is not applied to ‘resource’? [HSLC 2023]
(a) Cannot be exchanged
(b) Does not have market value
(c) Brings about human welfare
(d) May have both utility and harmful effects
Answer: (d) May have both utility and harmful effects
Q.8 Which one of the following is not included in tertiary occupation? [HSLC 2024]
(a) Transport
(b) Communication
(c) Mineral resource collection
(d) Tourism
Answer: (c) Mineral resource collection
Q.9 Which one of the following is a non-renewable resource? [HSLC 2025]
(a) Water
(b) Sunshine
(c) Plants
(d) Natural Gas
Answer: (d) Natural Gas
Q.10 Which among the following options is correct for quaternary sector of economy? [HSLC 2025]
(a) Community-based tourism
(b) Innovative research on modern eco-friendly technology
(c) Sales executive of a shopping mall
(d) Green bus service for public transportation
Answer: (b) Innovative research on modern eco-friendly technology
Q.11 Two statements are given below, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Choose the correct answer.
Assertion (A):
With the change in society, simultaneous changes occur in the concept of resource, and consequent change in resource collection and use.
Reason (R):
With the expansion of human knowledge and development of science and technology many neutral stuffs and resistances are transformed into resources.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect
(c) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Q.12 Two statements are given below, one as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). [HSLC 2025]
Assertion (A):
Economic Geography studies human activities associated with production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources in spatial and temporal contexts.
Reason (R):
Human’s way of life and their economic activities are different in terms of spatio-temporal variations.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true; and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true; but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true; and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Q.13 Which of the following sources of energy do/does not produce carbon dioxide? — [HSLC 2025]
(i) Wind energy
(ii) Geothermal energy
(iii) Hydroelectric energy
(iv) Fossil fuel
(a) (i)
(b) (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (i), (iv)
(d) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Answer: (b) (i), (ii), (iii)
Q.14 In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). [HSLC 2025]
Assertion (A):
Acid rain occurs when there is maximum concentration of Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere.
Reason (R):
Such rains destroy forests and pollute water in the wetlands.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true; and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(c) (A) is false, (R) is true.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are true; but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer: (d) Both (A) and (R) are true; but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Q.15 What will be the adverse effect of melting of glaciers in the high altitude mountains and polar regions? [HSLC 2025]
(i) Rise of sea level
(ii) Large extent of coastal areas will be submerged
(iii) Issues of water scarcity will be resolved
(iv) Biodiversity will be protected
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(b) (i), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii)
(d) (i), (ii)
Answer: (d) (i), (ii)
Q.16 Consider the statements (i) and (ii) about the pollution of urban centres located on the banks of rivers. [HSLC 2025]
(i) Urban garbage and industrial waste pollute the water of the rivers flowing through or by the side of urban centres.
(ii) About 55% of the total length of America’s river is polluted by agriculture related pollutants like chemical fertilizers.
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true, (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false, (ii) is true
Answer: (a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
Q.16 Consider the following statements in terms of regional environmental problems. [HSLC 2025]
(i) Cities like Delhi, Bengaluru, Guwahati, Pune, etc., are facing shortage of underground water.
(ii) River bank soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in the states like West Bengal and Assam.
(a) (i) is true, (ii) is false
(b) (i) is false, (ii) is true
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are false
Answer: (c) Both (i) and (ii) are true
B. Extra HSLC Pattern MCQs Questions with Answers
Q.1 Environment in a broad sense denotes —
(a) Only physical surroundings
(b) Only living organisms
(c) Conditions around an organism or a community of organisms
(d) Human-made surroundings only
Answer: (c) Conditions around an organism or a community of organisms
Q.2 Which of the following are biotic elements of environment?
(a) Air and water
(b) Soil and minerals
(c) Plants and animals
(d) Rocks and land
Answer: (c) Plants and animals
Q.3 Which one of the following is an abiotic element?
(a) Microbes
(b) Animals
(c) Plants
(d) Water
Answer: (d) Water
Q.4 How many major spheres determine the earth’s environment?
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five
Answer: (c) Four
Q.5 Which of the following is NOT a major sphere of environment?
(a) Lithosphere
(b) Hydrosphere
(c) Atmosphere
(d) Ionosphere
Answer: (d) Ionosphere
Q.6 Match the following:
(i) Lithosphere — a) Landmass
(ii) Hydrosphere — b) Water bodies
(iii) Atmosphere — c) Gaseous layer
(iv) Biosphere — d) Living world
(a) A–4, B–3, C–1, D–2
(b) A–3, B–4, C–2, D–1
(c) A–1, B–2, C–3, D–4
(d) A–2, B–1, C–4, D–3
Answer: (a) A–4, B–3, C–1, D–2
Q.7 The hydrosphere covers approximately how much of the earth’s surface?
(a) 51%
(b) 61%
(c) 71%
(d) 81%
Answer: (c) 71%
Q.8 The atmosphere extends roughly up to —
(a) 100 km
(b) 1,000 km
(c) 5,000 km
(d) 10,000 km
Answer: (d) 10,000 km
Q.9 Which gas has the highest proportion in the atmosphere?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Argon
Answer: (c) Nitrogen
Q.10 The biosphere includes —
(a) Only land surface
(b) Only oceans
(c) Parts of lithosphere, hydrosphere and lower atmosphere
(d) Only forests
Answer: (c) Parts of lithosphere, hydrosphere and lower atmosphere
Q.11 Which factor is mainly responsible for rapid environmental change?
(a) Population growth
(b) Industrialization
(c) Urbanization
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Q.12 Environmental problems did not occur seriously when —
(a) Human population was high
(b) Balance among environmental elements was maintained
(c) Industries expanded
(d) Fossil fuel use increased
Answer: (b) Balance among environmental elements was maintained
Q.13 Environmental problems are basically linked with —
(a) Weather
(b) Climate
(c) Environment
(d) Soil
Answer: (c) Environment
Q.14 Which of the following is a local environmental problem?
(a) Global warming
(b) Rise of sea level
(c) Land pollution by a small-scale industry
(d) Desertification
Answer: (c) Land pollution by a small-scale industry
Q.15 Flood problem of Brahmaputra Valley is an example of —
(a) Local problem
(b) Regional problem
(c) Global problem
(d) Natural problem
Answer: (b) Regional problem
Q.16 Pollution means —
(a) Natural change of environment
(b) Contamination of environment by harmful substances
(c) Seasonal variation
(d) Climatic change
Answer: (b) Contamination of environment by harmful substances
Q.17 Which of the following is a pollutant?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Sulphur dioxide
(d) Argon
Answer: (c) Sulphur dioxide
Q.18 Land pollution occurs when —
(a) Soil is cultivated
(b) Forests grow naturally
(c) Harmful chemicals mix with soil
(d) Rainfall increases
Answer: (c) Harmful chemicals mix with soil
Q.19 Modern farming contributes to land pollution due to —
(a) Crop rotation
(b) Organic manure
(c) Chemical fertilizers and pesticides
(d) Mixed cropping
Answer: (c) Chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Q.20 Which activity destroys helpful soil microbes?
(a) Irrigation
(b) Use of insecticides
(c) Rainfall
(d) Ploughing
Answer: (b) Use of insecticides
Q.21 Air pollution is caused when —
(a) Atmospheric balance is maintained
(b) Harmful substances are added to air
(c) Oxygen increases
(d) Nitrogen increases
Answer: (b) Harmful substances are added to air
Q.22 Which natural factor causes air pollution?
(a) Urbanization
(b) Vehicular traffic
(c) Volcanic eruption
(d) Industrial growth
Answer: (c) Volcanic eruption
Q.23 Acid rain occurs due to maximum concentration of —
(a) Oxygen and Nitrogen
(b) Carbon dioxide and Oxygen
(c) Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide
(d) Methane and Argon
Answer: (c) Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide
Q.24 Acid rain severely affects —
(a) Deserts only
(b) Wetlands and forests
(c) Polar regions
(d) Oceans only
Answer: (b) Wetlands and forests
Q.25 Water becomes polluted when —
(a) It is used for irrigation
(b) Wastes mix with it
(c) It evaporates
(d) It flows fast
Answer: (b) Wastes mix with it
Q.26 Which river’s pollution is cited as an example in India?
(a) Brahmaputra
(b) Yamuna
(c) Godavari
(d) Ganga
Answer: (d) Ganga
Q.27 Ocean water gets polluted due to —
(a) Rainfall
(b) Oil ship accidents
(c) Evaporation
(d) Waves
Answer: (b) Oil ship accidents
Q.28 Desertification means —
(a) Natural desert formation
(b) Spread of deserts to surrounding areas
(c) Heavy rainfall
(d) Increase of vegetation
Answer: (b) Spread of deserts to surrounding areas
Q.29 Around how much of the world’s land surface is affected by desertification?
(a) 15%
(b) 25%
(c) 35%
(d) 45%
Answer: (c) 35%
Q.30 Which is a natural cause of desertification?
(a) Overgrazing
(b) Deforestation
(c) Drought
(d) Expansion of agriculture
Answer: (c) Drought
Q.31 Assertion (A): Global warming is caused by increase of greenhouse gases.
Reason (R): Greenhouse gases trap heat reflected from the earth.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(b) (A) is true, (R) is false
(c) (A) is false, (R) is true
(d) Both are true but (R) does not explain (A)
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
Q.32 Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Argon
Answer: (c) Carbon dioxide
Q.33 Greenhouse gases constitute about —
(a) 1% of atmosphere
(b) 0.5% of atmosphere
(c) 0.1% of atmosphere
(d) 5% of atmosphere
Answer: (c) 0.1% of atmosphere
Q.34 Increase in global temperature is mainly due to —
(a) Solar flares
(b) Greenhouse effect
(c) Earth rotation
(d) Tides
Answer: (b) Greenhouse effect
Q.35 Average surface temperature of the earth has increased by about —
(a) 0.26°C
(b) 0.76°C
(c) 1.76°C
(d) 5.8°C
Answer: (b) 0.76°C
Q.36 Arrange the following in correct order of environmental spheres:
(i) Atmosphere
(ii) Lithosphere
(iii) Biosphere
(iv) Hydrosphere
(a) ii, iv, i, iii
(b) ii, iv, iii, i
(c) iv, ii, i, iii
(d) i, ii, iii, iv
Answer: (a) ii, iv, i, iii
Q.37 Rise of sea level is a result of —
(a) Desertification
(b) Air pollution
(c) Global warming
(d) Land pollution
Answer: (c) Global warming
Q.38 Melting of polar ice is caused by —
(a) Acid rain
(b) Global warming
(c) Water pollution
(d) Deforestation
Answer: (b) Global warming
Q.39 Which problem has no geographical boundary?
(a) Local problem
(b) Regional problem
(c) Global problem
(d) Industrial problem
Answer: (c) Global problem
Q.40 Which organization plays a role in global environmental protection?
(a) Local government
(b) United Nations
(c) Village council
(d) Municipality
Answer: (b) United Nations
Q.41 Cutting of trees increases —
(a) Oxygen level
(b) Carbon dioxide level
(c) Rainfall
(d) Soil fertility
Answer: (b) Carbon dioxide level
Q.42 Use of fossil fuel mainly increases —
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Argon
Answer: (c) Carbon dioxide
Q.43 Which is NOT an environmental problem mentioned in the chapter?
(a) Landslide
(b) Artificial flood
(c) Earthquake
(d) Soil erosion
Answer: (c) Earthquake
Q.44 Desertification mainly affects —
(a) Polar regions
(b) Tropical dry regions
(c) Coastal areas
(d) River valleys
Answer: (b) Tropical dry regions
Q.45 Expansion of agriculture leads to —
(a) Environmental balance
(b) Desertification
(c) Pollution-free land
(d) Forest growth
Answer: (b) Desertification
Q.46 Which continent has highest proportion of desertification?
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) North America
(d) Australia
Answer: (c) North America
Q.47 Which gas plays the most significant role in global warming?
(a) Methane
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrous oxide
(d) Water vapour
Answer: (b) Carbon dioxide
Q.48 Which environmental problem requires international cooperation?
(a) Land pollution
(b) Water pollution
(c) Global warming
(d) Soil erosion
Answer: (c) Global warming
Q.49 Which of the following changes threaten human survival?
(a) Local pollution
(b) Regional flood
(c) Global warming
(d) Soil erosion
Answer: (c) Global warming
Q.50 Environmental education is important because —
(a) Environment never changes
(b) Humans are independent of environment
(c) Human life depends on environment
(d) Environment repairs itself
Answer: (c) Human life depends on environment
C. Previous Year Solved Questions with Answers
Q1. What is desertification? Give two reasons for desertification. [HSLC 2017]
Answer: Desertification is the process which renders the productive areas of the tropical region into a desert-like condition. It denotes the spread of deserts to their peripheral areas.
Two reasons for desertification are:
- Drought and global warming.
- Overgrazing and deforestation.
Q2. What is pollution? State how air is polluted? [HSLC 2017]
Answer: Pollution is the process of contamination of the environment by harmful substances.
Air is polluted when harmful solid, liquid or gaseous substances are added to the atmosphere. The growth of industries, vehicular traffic, urbanization and use of fossil fuels release gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which pollute the air. Volcanic eruptions also contribute to air pollution.
Q3. What is global warming? Write how to control global warming. [HSLC 2018]
Answer: Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the earth’s surface and atmosphere due to the increase of greenhouse gases.
To control global warming:
- Reduce the use of fossil fuels.
- Control the emission of greenhouse gases.
- Prevent deforestation and encourage plantation.
- Promote international cooperation.
Q4. Mention three major causes of environmental change. [HSLC 2018]
Answer: Three major causes of environmental change are:
- Population growth.
- Industrialization.
- Urbanization.
Q5. Write in brief the main causes of desertification. [HSLC 2019]
Answer: The main causes of desertification are:
- Drought and global warming.
- Overgrazing.
- Expansion of agriculture.
- Deforestation.
Q6. What do you mean by pollution? State how soil is polluted. [HSLC 2019]
Answer: Pollution means the contamination of the environment by harmful substances.
Soil is polluted when chemicals, poisonous metals, industrial wastes, radioactive substances and acid rain mix with the land. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides in modern agriculture also destroys soil fertility and pollutes it.
Q7. Write three consequences of global warming. [HSLC 2020]
Answer: Three consequences of global warming are:
- Melting of snow in the polar regions.
- Rise of sea level.
- Change in the growth and distribution of plants and animals.
Q8. How does water pollution occur? [HSLC 2020]
Answer: Water pollution occurs when chemical substances, particles, microbes and industrial or urban wastes are mixed with water. Agricultural activities, oil ship accidents and acid rain also pollute rivers, wetlands and oceans.
Q9. What is desertification? Mention its two causes. [HSLC 2022]
Answer: Desertification is the process of spread of deserts to neighbouring areas and conversion of fertile land into desert-like condition.
Two causes are:
- Drought.
- Overgrazing and deforestation.
Q10. How is land polluted? [HSLC 2022]
Answer: Land is polluted when harmful chemicals, industrial wastes, radioactive substances and acid rain mix with the soil. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and improper disposal of wastes also cause land pollution.
Q11. What is meant by land pollution? Briefly describe the causes of land pollution. [HSLC 2024]
Answer: Land pollution means the contamination of land by harmful substances which destroy its natural properties and fertility.
The causes of land pollution are:
- Use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides.
- Industrial wastes mixing with soil.
- Radioactive substances and acid rain.
- Extraction of coal and petroleum without proper care.
Q12. Read the following news headline of The Assam Tribune (29 December, 2022) and answer the question that follows : “Guwahati named among top 5 slowest cities in terms of average vehicle speed.” Mention three environmental problems. [HSLC 2025]
Answer: Three environmental problems related to this situation are:
- Air pollution due to excessive emission of harmful gases from vehicles.
- Noise pollution from heavy traffic congestion.
- Increase in carbon dioxide leading to global warming.
SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs – Environment and Environmental Problems
SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems are an essential learning resource for HSLC students preparing for Geography MCQs. These SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems strictly follow the updated SEBA 2026–27 Geography syllabus and the latest 45 MCQs examination pattern, making SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems exam-focused.
This page includes SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems covering the concept of environment, components of environment, and major environmental problems. The SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems explain pollution, deforestation, global warming, and conservation, ensuring SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems remain highly relevant.
Students will also find HSLC Geography Chapter 2 MCQs previous year questions that highlight repeated Geography trends. Regular practice of SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems along with SEBA Geography Chapter 2 objective questions improves accuracy, awareness, and Geography exam readiness.
If you are searching for reliable and updated SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems, this content prepared by Assam Eduverse will help you revise concepts effectively and score higher using SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems.
FAQs – SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs
1. Are these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs based on the latest exam pattern?
Yes, these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems follow the latest 45 MCQs HSLC Geography exam pattern.
2. Does this page include HSLC Geography Chapter 2 MCQs previous year questions?
Yes, this page includes HSLC Geography Chapter 2 MCQs previous year along with extra objective questions.
3. Is Environment and Environmental Problems important for Geography MCQs?
Yes, Environment and Environmental Problems is a very important chapter and MCQs are frequently asked in HSLC Geography exams.
4. Are these MCQs useful for Class 10 SEBA Geography exam preparation?
Yes, these SEBA Geography Chapter 2 objective questions are ideal for Geography exam preparation and revision.
5. Are these Geography MCQs chapterwise?
Yes, all SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs are strictly chapterwise.
6. Are these MCQs updated for HSLC 2026–27 Geography examination?
Yes, these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 MCQs Environment and Environmental Problems are fully updated for HSLC 2026–27.
7. Who prepared these Geography Chapter 2 MCQs?
These Geography MCQs are prepared by subject experts of Assam Eduverse following SEBA Geography guidelines.
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