SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs – Economic Geography: Subject Matter and Resource (2026–27)

SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource (2026–27) are carefully prepared by Assam Eduverse to help HSLC students score higher in Geography objective questions. According to the latest HSLC exam pattern, 45 MCQs are asked, making SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource a highly scoring topic in the Geography paper.

This Geography chapter explains the meaning of Economic Geography, its subject matter, and the concept of resources used in economic activities. The SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource focus on definitions, classifications, scope, and examples that are frequently asked in HSLC Geography MCQs.

By practising these Class 10 SEBA Geography MCQ practice questions, students can improve conceptual clarity, accuracy, and exam confidence. This page also includes HSLC Geography Chapter 1 MCQs previous year questions along with extra objective questions for complete preparation for the HSLC 2026–27 Geography examination.

SEBA HSLC Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs – Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource (45 MCQs Pattern)

A. Previous Year MCQs Questions with Answers

Q.1 Which one of the following is a non-renewable resource? [HSLC 2014, 2017, 2019]
(a) Water
(b) Sunshine
(c) Plants
(d) Natural Gas
Answer: (d) Natural Gas

Q.2 Which one of the following resources is a non-renewable resource? [HSLC 2016]
(a) Crops
(b) Man
(c) Iron
(d) Sunlight
Answer: (c) Iron

Q.3 Which one of the following is abiotic resources? [HSLC 2017]
(a) Air
(b) Plants
(c) Animals
(d) Crops
Answer: (a) Air

Q.4 Which one of the following is man-made resource? [HSLC 2018, 2020]
(a) Forest
(b) Irrigation
(c) Rivers
(d) Mineral Oil
Answer: (b) Irrigation

Q.5 Which one of the following is an abiotic resource? [HSLC 2022]
(a) Air
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungus
(d) Crop
Answer: (a) Air

Q.6 Which of the following is not a primary occupation? [HSLC 2023]
(a) Fishing
(b) Forest resource collection
(c) Manufacturing process
(d) Agricultural activity
Answer: (c) Manufacturing process

Q.7 Which of the following is not applied to ‘resource’? [HSLC 2023]
(a) Cannot be exchanged
(b) Does not have market value
(c) Brings about human welfare
(d) May have both utility and harmful effects
Answer: (d) May have both utility and harmful effects

Q.8 Which one of the following is not included in tertiary occupation? [HSLC 2024]
(a) Transport
(b) Communication
(c) Mineral resource collection
(d) Tourism
Answer: (c) Mineral resource collection

Q.9 Which one of the following is a non-renewable resource? [HSLC 2025]
(a) Water
(b) Sunshine
(c) Plants
(d) Natural Gas
Answer: (d) Natural Gas

Q.10 Which among the following options is correct for quaternary sector of economy? [HSLC 2025]
(a) Community-based tourism
(b) Innovative research on modern eco-friendly technology
(c) Sales executive of a shopping mall
(d) Green bus service for public transportation
Answer: (b) Innovative research on modern eco-friendly technology

Q.11 Two statements are given below, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Choose the correct answer.

Assertion (A):
With the change in society, simultaneous changes occur in the concept of resource, and consequent change in resource collection and use.

Reason (R):
With the expansion of human knowledge and development of science and technology many neutral stuffs and resistances are transformed into resources.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect
(c) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct

Q.12 Two statements are given below, one as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). [HSLC 2025]

Assertion (A):
Economic Geography studies human activities associated with production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources in spatial and temporal contexts.

Reason (R):
Human’s way of life and their economic activities are different in terms of spatio-temporal variations.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true; and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true; but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true; and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Q.13 Choose the correct set of statements about the IUCN — [HSLC 2025]
(i) IUCN was formed in the year 1948.
(ii) The full form of IUCN is Indian Union for Conservation of Nature.
(iii) WWF and World Conservation Monitoring Centre were established with the initiative of IUCN.
(iv) George Chisholm was the founder Director-General of IUCN.

(a) (i), (ii), (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii), (iv)
(c) (ii), (iv)
(d) (i), (iii)
Answer: (d) (i), (iii)

Q.14 Which one of the following animals is about to be extinct? — [HSLC 2024]
(A) One-horned Rhino
(B) Gayal (Mithun)
(C) Greater Adjutant Stork
(D) Elephant
Answer: (C) Greater Adjutant Stork.

B. Extra HSLC Pattern MCQs Questions with Answers

Q.1 Economic Geography is a branch of—
(a) Physical Geography
(b) Human Geography
(c) Regional Geography
(d) Environmental Geography
Answer: (b) Human Geography

Q.2 Economic Geography mainly studies human activities related to—
(a) Climate only
(b) Landforms only
(c) Production, distribution, consumption and exchange
(d) Population growth
Answer: (c) Production, distribution, consumption and exchange

Q.3 Which of the following is NOT a primary occupation?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Fishing
(c) Forest resource collection
(d) Manufacturing
Answer: (d) Manufacturing

Q.4 Which occupation converts raw materials into usable products?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Quaternary
Answer: (b) Secondary

Q.5 Transport, communication and marketing belong to—
(a) Primary occupation
(b) Secondary occupation
(c) Tertiary occupation
(d) Quaternary occupation
Answer: (c) Tertiary occupation

Q.6 Banking, education and research come under—
(a) Primary occupation
(b) Secondary occupation
(c) Tertiary occupation
(d) Quaternary occupation
Answer: (d) Quaternary occupation

Q.7 Which of the following are renewable resources?
(a) Sunlight
(b) Coal
(c) Water
(d) Plants
Answer: (a) Sunlight, (c) Water, (d) Plants

Q.8 Which of the following are non-renewable resources?
(a) Iron
(b) Natural gas
(c) Crops
(d) Mineral oil
Answer: (a) Iron, (b) Natural gas, (d) Mineral oil

Q.9 Match List A with List B:

(i) Agricultural Geography — (b) Study of crops and farming
(ii) Transport Geography — (a) Study of transport systems
(iii) Geography of Resources — (c) Study of resources and their conservation
(iv) Geography of Tourism — (d) Study of tourism and its development

Answer: (a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d

Q.10 Resources which are found everywhere are called—
(a) Localized resources
(b) National resources
(c) Ubiquitous resources
(d) International resources
Answer: (c) Ubiquitous resources

Q.11 Coal and mineral oil are examples of—
(a) Biotic resources
(b) Abiotic resources
(c) Human resources
(d) Man-made resources
Answer: (b) Abiotic resources

Q.12 Which of the following is a biotic resource?
(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Plants
(d) Minerals
Answer: (c) Plants

Q.13 Resources owned by an individual are called—
(a) National resources
(b) International resources
(c) Personal resources
(d) Community resources
Answer: (c) Personal resources

Q.14 Oceans and atmosphere are examples of—
(a) National resources
(b) Individual resources
(c) International resources
(d) Local resources
Answer: (c) International resources

Q.15 Assertion (A): Resource is dynamic in nature.
Reason (R): A material useful today may become useless in future and vice versa.

Q.16 Assertion (A): All wealth is resource.
Reason (R): Wealth always brings human welfare.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect
(c) (A) is incorrect, (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect
Answer: (b) (A) is correct, (R) is incorrect

Q.17 Arrange the following occupations from primary to quaternary:

Research, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Transport

(a) 2, 3, 4, 1
(b) 3, 2, 4, 1
(c) 2, 4, 3, 1
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4
Answer: (a) 2, 3, 4, 1

Q.18 Which resource is created by human skill and technology?
(a) Natural resource
(b) Human resource
(c) Man-made resource
(d) Biotic resource
Answer: (c) Man-made resource

Q.19 Population is known as—
(a) Natural resource
(b) Human resource
(c) National resource
(d) Abiotic resource
Answer: (b) Human resource

Q.20 Which of the following is a neutral stuff?
(a) Coal used for power
(b) Infertile soil
(c) Material with no use at present
(d) Forest produce
Answer: (c) Material with no use at present

Q.21 Flood-affected region is considered as—
(a) Resource
(b) Neutral stuff
(c) Resistance
(d) Wealth
Answer: (c) Resistance

Q.22 Resource conservation means—
(a) Non-use of resources
(b) Complete destruction of resources
(c) Proper use without misuse
(d) Only preservation
Answer: (c) Proper use without misuse

Q.23 Which organization works for global conservation of nature?
(a) WWF
(b) IUCN
(c) CSE
(d) UNESCO
Answer: (b) IUCN

Q.24 Which day is celebrated as World Environment Day?
(a) 22 April
(b) 5 June
(c) 1 May
(d) 16 September
Answer: (b) 5 June

Q.25 Recycling helps in—
(a) Increasing waste
(b) Resource conservation
(c) Resource destruction
(d) Population growth
Answer: (b) Resource conservation

Q.26 Which is NOT a characteristic of resource?
(a) Utility
(b) Functionality
(c) Permanency
(d) Dynamism
Answer: (c) Permanency

Q.27 Which sector connects producers and consumers?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Quaternary
Answer: (c) Tertiary

Q.28 Synthetic fibre is an example of—
(a) Natural resource
(b) Alternative resource
(c) Biotic resource
(d) Neutral stuff
Answer: (b) Alternative resource

Q.29 Which method reduces misuse of raw materials?
(a) Waste control
(b) Population growth
(c) Urbanization
(d) Industrialization
Answer: (a) Waste control

Q.30 Which energy source is renewable?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Solar energy
(d) Natural gas
Answer: (c) Solar energy

Q.31 Which resource is limited in supply?
(a) Air
(b) Sunlight
(c) Minerals
(d) Water cycle
Answer: (c) Minerals

Q.32 Which occupation deals with mineral collection?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Quaternary
Answer: (a) Primary

Q.33 Which is NOT wealth?
(a) Land
(b) House
(c) Sunshine
(d) Machinery
Answer: (c) Sunshine

Q.34 Which branch studies industrial location?
(a) Agricultural Geography
(b) Industrial Geography
(c) Resource Geography
(d) Transport Geography
Answer: (b) Industrial Geography

Q.35 Which resource belongs to everyone globally?
(a) Forest land
(b) River
(c) Ocean
(d) House
Answer: (c) Ocean

Q.36 Which resource is created by combining nature, man and culture?
(a) Natural resource
(b) Human resource
(c) Man-made resource
(d) Resource
Answer: (d) Resource

Q.37 Which of the following is an example of man-made resource?
(a) River
(b) Soil
(c) Road
(d) Forest
Answer: (c) Road

Q.38 Which of the following resources cannot be regenerated after use?
(a) Water
(b) Plants
(c) Coal
(d) Sunlight
Answer: (c) Coal

Q.39 Which of the following best explains ‘Resource is dynamic’?
(a) Resources are fixed
(b) Resources never change
(c) Utility of resource changes with time
(d) Resources are always useful
Answer: (c) Utility of resource changes with time

Q.40 Which of the following is an example of resistance?
(a) Fertile soil
(b) Flood-prone area
(c) Irrigation canal
(d) Solar energy
Answer: (b) Flood-prone area

Q.41 Match List A with List B:

(i) Primary occupation — b) Agriculture
(ii) Secondary occupation — a) Manufacturing
(iii) Tertiary occupation — c) Transport
(iv) Quaternary occupation — d) Research

Options:
(a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
(b) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c
(c) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
(d) 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b
Answer: (a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d

Q.42 Which of the following help in resource conservation?
(a) Recycling
(b) Waste control
(c) Innovation
(d) Overexploitation
Answer: (a) Recycling, (b) Waste control, (c) Innovation

Q.43 Assertion (A): Conservation does not mean complete non-use of resources.
Reason (R): Resources should be used properly without wastage for long-term benefit.

Q.44 Assertion (A): Developed countries use more natural resources.
Reason (R): High population is the only reason for high resource use.

Q.45 Arrange the following steps of resource conservation logically:

Recycling, Innovation, Alternative resource search, Waste control

(a) 3, 1, 2, 4
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4
(c) 3, 2, 1, 4
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
Answer: (c) 3, 2, 1, 4

Q.46 Which resource is found only in some specific areas?
(a) Ubiquitous resource
(b) Localized resource
(c) National resource
(d) Renewable resource
Answer: (b) Localized resource

Q.47 Which of the following is an example of alternative energy?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Hydroelectricity
(d) Mineral oil
Answer: (c) Hydroelectricity

Q.48 Which factor helps transform neutral stuff into resource?
(a) Climate
(b) Human knowledge
(c) Population decline
(d) Natural disaster
Answer: (b) Human knowledge

Q.49 Which organization is responsible for international resource management?
(a) WWF
(b) IUCN
(c) UNO
(d) CSE
Answer: (c) UNO

Q.50 Which of the following best defines Economic Geography?
(a) Study of landforms
(b) Study of climate
(c) Study of human economic activities in space and time
(d) Study of population only
Answer: (c) Study of human economic activities in space and time

B. Previous Year Short Type Questions with Answers

Q1. Mention two main characteristics of resources. [HSLC 11]
Answer: Two main characteristics of resources are:

Utility – A resource must be useful for satisfying human needs.
Functionality – It must have the capacity to perform certain functions for human welfare.

Q2. What is meant by “Conservation of resources”?
Answer: Conservation of resources means the proper and planned use of resources without any destruction or misuse so that they can be used for a long time. It does not mean stopping the use of resources, but using them carefully and economically for the welfare of present and future generations.

Q3. Why is man called Human Resource? [HSLC 12]
Answer: Man is called Human Resource because:

Man collects and uses natural resources.
Through knowledge, skill and technology, man converts natural materials into useful forms.
Man is both the producer and consumer of resources.

Q4. Differentiate between renewable resource and non-renewable resource. [HSLC 12,18]
Answer:

Renewable Resource:

These resources can be regenerated after use.
They do not get exhausted easily.
Examples: Sunlight, water, plants.

Non-renewable Resource:

These resources cannot be regenerated after use.
They get exhausted once used.
Examples: Coal, mineral oil, iron.

Q5. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic resources. [HSLC 13]
Answer:

Biotic Resources:

These resources have life.
Examples: Plants, animals, crops, fishes.

Abiotic Resources:

These resources do not have life.
Examples: Soil, water, air, minerals, coal.

Q6. Explain briefly about the dynamic concept of resource. [HSLC 13]
Answer: Resource is dynamic in nature. The usefulness of a material changes with time, place and development of knowledge. A material which was once considered useless or neutral may become a resource in future due to advancement in science and technology. Thus, the concept of resource changes with the change in society.

Q7. How can conservation of resources be successful? [HSLC 14]
Answer: Conservation of resources can be successful by:

Searching for alternative resources.
Recycling waste materials.
Controlling wastage.
Expanding knowledge and awareness among people.
Proper implementation of conservation laws.

Q8. Define Natural and Human resources with example. [HSLC 17]
Answer: Natural Resources are those resources which are obtained directly from nature.
Examples: Air, water, soil, minerals, forests.

Human Resources refer to the population having skill, education and ability to create and use resources.
Example: Skilled workers, educated people.

Q9. What is meant by resource? Mention any one of its main characteristics. [HSLC 18]
Answer: Resource means all the materials necessary for human living and welfare.

One main characteristic of resource is Utility – it must be useful to satisfy human needs.

Q10. Write in brief about the relationship between resource and science-technology. [HSLC 19]
Answer: Science and technology help in discovering and utilizing resources properly. With the development of science and technology, neutral stuffs and resistances are transformed into resources. Advancement in technology also helps in better extraction, conservation and management of resources.

Q11. Define Economic Geography. What is its subject matter? [HSLC 20]
Answer: Economic Geography is the branch of Human Geography which studies human activities related to production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources in spatial and temporal contexts.

Its subject matter includes the study of economic activities and their distribution and relationship with the environment.

Q12. What is non-renewable resource? Give an example. [HSLC 22]
Answer: Non-renewable resources are those resources which cannot be regenerated after use and get exhausted once used.
Example: Coal.

Q13. What is meant by ‘conservation of resources’? Mention two methods of resource conservation. [HSLC 22]
Answer: Conservation of resources means proper and planned use of resources without wastage and misuse.

Two methods of resource conservation are:

Recycling of waste materials.
Search for alternative resources.

C. Previous Year Essay Type Questions with Answers

Q14. What is Economic Geography? State three major branches of Economic Geography. [HSLC 17,23]
Answer: Economic Geography is the branch of Human Geography that studies human activities related to production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources in space and time.

Three major branches are:

Agricultural Geography – Study of agricultural activities and crop production.
Industrial Geography – Study of industries and their location.
Geography of Resources – Study of types, distribution and conservation of resources.

Q15. Write in brief about the organizations associated with resource conservation and their role. [HSLC 18]
Answer: Many organizations work for conservation of resources at international and national levels.

IUCN – Formed in 1948, it works for conservation of nature and biodiversity.
WWF – Works for protection of wildlife and environment.
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (India) – Makes laws and policies for environmental protection.
NGOs like CSE and Aaranyak – Spread awareness and work for conservation.

Their role is to protect natural resources, conserve biodiversity, conduct research and create awareness among people.

Q16. What is meant by conservation of resources? Discuss its need. [HSLC 19]
Answer: Conservation of resources means proper use of resources without wastage and misuse.

Need of conservation are due to the followings :

Many resources are limited and exhaustible.
Rapid population growth increases resource use.
Overuse causes environmental problems.
Conservation ensures availability of resources for future generations.

Q17. Write in short about the landforms present on the earth’s land surface. [HSLC 19]
Answer: The earth’s land surface has different landforms due to geological and physiographic differences. Some parts are mountainous highlands, some are fertile plains, some are coastal plains, and some regions are very cold or very hot. These variations influence human activities and economic development.

Q18. What is meant by ‘Resource’? Mention its basic characteristics with examples. [HSLC 20]
Answer: Resource means all materials essential for human living and welfare.

Basic characteristics:

Utility – Must be useful (e.g., water for drinking).
Functionality – Must perform certain functions (e.g., coal for power generation).
Dynamism – Utility changes with time (e.g., mineral oil once considered useless).

Q19. Write a note on the classification of resources. [HSLC 22]
Answer: Resources are classified as follows:

On the basis of origin: Natural, Man-made, Human resources.
On the basis of life: Biotic and Abiotic resources.
On the basis of renewability: Renewable and Non-renewable resources.
On the basis of ownership: Individual, National and International resources.

Q20. What is meant by ‘Resource’? Mention its main characteristics. (1+3=4) [HSLC 2024]
Answer: Resource means all materials necessary for human living.

Main characteristics are :

Utility
Functionality
Dynamism

Q21. What are called Ubiquitous Resource and Localised Resource? Give example of each of these resources. [HSLC 2025]
Answer:
Ubiquitous Resources are those natural resources which are found everywhere on the earth.
Example: Air, sunlight.

Localised Resources are those resources which are found only in specific places.
Example: Coal, petroleum, iron ore.

SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs – Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource

SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource are an essential study resource for HSLC students preparing for Geography MCQs. These SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource strictly follow the updated SEBA 2026–27 Geography syllabus and the latest 45 MCQs examination pattern.

This page includes economic geography mcqs class 10 seba explaining the meaning, scope, and importance of Economic Geography as a subject. The SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource also cover the subject matter of economic geography mcqs and different types of resources involved in economic activities.

Students will also find HSLC Geography Chapter 1 MCQs previous year questions that highlight repeated Geography exam trends. Regular practice of SEBA Geography Chapter 1 objective questions improves understanding, speed, and Geography exam readiness.

If you are searching for reliable and updated SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource, this content prepared by Assam Eduverse will help you revise Geography concepts effectively and score higher in the HSLC examination.

FAQs – SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs

1. Are these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs based on the latest HSLC exam pattern?

Yes, these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource are prepared according to the latest 45 MCQs HSLC Geography exam pattern.

2. Does this page include HSLC Geography Chapter 1 MCQs previous year questions?

Yes, this page includes HSLC Geography Chapter 1 MCQs previous year along with extra Geography objective questions.

3. Is Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource important for Geography MCQs?

Yes, Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource is a very important chapter and MCQs are frequently asked from this topic in the HSLC Geography examination.

4. Are these MCQs useful for Class 10 SEBA Geography exam preparation?

Yes, these SEBA Geography Chapter 1 objective questions are very useful for Class 10 SEBA Geography exam preparation and quick revision.

5. Are these Geography MCQs chapterwise and syllabus-based?

Yes, all SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs are strictly chapterwise and based on the latest SEBA Geography syllabus.

6. Are these MCQs helpful for HSLC 2026–27 Geography examination?

Yes, these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs Economic Geography Subject Matter and Resource are fully updated for the HSLC 2026–27 Geography examination.

7. Who prepared these SEBA Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 MCQs?

These Geography MCQs are prepared by subject experts of Assam Eduverse following SEBA Geography guidelines.

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