(i) Desert
(ii) Grassland
(iii) Tall tree
(iv) Polar vegetation

Answer: (ii) Grassland

(i) Cattle rearing
(ii) Agriculture
(iii) Fishing
(iv) Hunting

Answer: (ii) Agriculture

(i) Europe
(ii) North America
(iii) Oceania
(iv) Africa

Answer: (iv) Africa

(i) Mediterranean Region
(ii) Tropical Hot Desert Region
(iii) Equatorial Region

Answer: (ii) Tropical Hot Desert Region

(i) Cold coniferous forest region
(ii) Mid-latitude Grassland Region
(iii) Mid-latitude Temperate Region
(iv) Equatorial Region

Answer: (i) Cold coniferous forest region

(i) Europe
(ii) Asia
(iii) North America
(iv) Africa

Answer: (ii) Asia

(i) Monsoon Region
(ii) Tropical grassland
(iii) Equatorial Region
(iv) Cold Polar Region

Answer: (iii) Equatorial Region

(i) Argentina
(ii) South Africa
(iii) Venezuela
(iv) Brazil

Answer: (iv) Brazil

(i) New Zealand
(ii) Solomon Islands
(iii) Fiji
(iv) Papua New Guinea

Answer: (iv) Papua New Guinea

(i) Ural Mountain Range
(ii) Karakoram Mountain Range
(iii) Alps Mountain Range
(iv) Caucasus Mountain Range

Answer: (i) Ural Mountain Range

(i) Mongolia
(ii) Argentina
(iii) USA
(iv) Canada

Answer: (ii) Argentina

(i) Caucasus
(ii) Pyrenees
(iii) Carpathians
(iv) Alps

Answer: (iv) Alps

(i) Khartoum
(ii) Cairo
(iii) Tripoli
(iv) Durban

Answer: (ii) Cairo

(i) Africa
(ii) South America
(iii) North America
(iv) Asia

Answer: (i) Africa

Extra Short Type Questions (MCQs – 1 Mark)

Q1. Regional Geography presents the overall geographical picture of a—
(i) City
(ii) Village
(iii) Region, country or continent
(iv) Ocean

Answer: (iii) Region, country or continent

Q2. Regional Geography helps to understand—
(i) Only physical conditions
(ii) Only economic conditions
(iii) Spatial variation within a region
(iv) Only political boundaries

Answer: (iii) Spatial variation within a region

Q3. A region is an area having—
(i) Political boundary only
(ii) Similar characteristics
(iii) Same government
(iv) Large population

Answer: (ii) Similar characteristics

Q4. The earth is divided into regions mainly to—
(i) Increase trade
(ii) Study the earth conveniently
(iii) Increase population
(iv) Draw maps

Answer: (ii) Study the earth conveniently

Q5. Regions formed on the basis of similarity are called—
(i) Functional regions
(ii) Political regions
(iii) Homogeneous regions
(iv) Administrative regions

Answer: (iii) Homogeneous regions

Q6. Natural regions are identified on the basis of similarity in—
(i) Language and religion
(ii) Soil, climate and vegetation
(iii) Trade and transport
(iv) Industry and market

Answer: (ii) Soil, climate and vegetation

Q7. The Monsoon region is an example of—
(i) Functional region
(ii) Political region
(iii) Natural region
(iv) Economic region

Answer: (iii) Natural region

Q8. The Brahmaputra Valley of Assam is considered a—
(i) Functional region
(ii) Large natural region
(iii) Small natural region
(iv) Political region

Answer: (iii) Small natural region

Q9. A region determined on the basis of a single element is a—
(i) Functional region
(ii) Political region
(iii) Homogeneous region
(iv) Administrative region

Answer: (iii) Homogeneous region

Q10. Linguistic regions are identified on the basis of—
(i) Climate
(ii) Soil
(iii) Language
(iv) Occupation

Answer: (iii) Language

Q11. Assamese and Bengali linguistic regions are examples of—
(i) Functional regions
(ii) Natural regions
(iii) Homogeneous regions
(iv) Political regions

Answer: (iii) Homogeneous regions

Q12. Functional regions are identified on the basis of—
(i) Similar vegetation
(ii) Similar climate
(iii) Functional relationship
(iv) Similar soil

Answer: (iii) Functional relationship

Q13. A functional region generally develops around a—
(i) River
(ii) Mountain
(iii) Town or market centre
(iv) Forest

Answer: (iii) Town or market centre

Q14. Without the central town, a functional region—
(i) Can survive
(ii) Cannot survive
(iii) Becomes natural
(iv) Becomes political

Answer: (ii) Cannot survive

Q15. Environmental differences occur due to—
(i) Earth’s rotation and revolution
(ii) Earth’s shape and structure
(iii) Earth’s position in the solar system
(iv) All of the above

Answer: (iv) All of the above

Q16. How many continents are there in the world?
(i) Five
(ii) Six
(iii) Seven
(iv) Eight

Answer: (iii) Seven

Q17. Which is the largest continent of the world?
(i) Africa
(ii) Europe
(iii) Asia
(iv) North America

Answer: (iii) Asia

Q18. Which is the smallest continent of the world?
(i) Europe
(ii) Australia
(iii) South America
(iv) Antarctica

Answer: (ii) Australia

Q19. Which is the largest ocean of the world?
(i) Atlantic Ocean
(ii) Indian Ocean
(iii) Arctic Ocean
(iv) Pacific Ocean

Answer: (iv) Pacific Ocean

Q20. Which is the smallest ocean of the world?
(i) Indian Ocean
(ii) Atlantic Ocean
(iii) Arctic Ocean
(iv) Pacific Ocean

Answer: (iii) Arctic Ocean

Q21. Which continent is known as the “Dark Continent”?
(i) Asia
(ii) Africa
(iii) Europe
(iv) South America

Answer: (ii) Africa

Q22. The Equatorial region is characterised by—
(i) Low rainfall
(ii) Moderate rainfall
(iii) Heavy rainfall throughout the year
(iv) Seasonal rainfall

Answer: (iii) Heavy rainfall throughout the year

Q23. The natural vegetation of the Equatorial region is—
(i) Coniferous forest
(ii) Grassland
(iii) Evergreen forest
(iv) Thorn forest

Answer: (iii) Evergreen forest

Q24. The Selva forest is found in—
(i) Africa
(ii) Asia
(iii) South America
(iv) Australia

Answer: (iii) South America

Q25. Savanna grassland belongs to the—
(i) Equatorial region
(ii) Tropical grassland region
(iii) Temperate region
(iv) Polar region

Answer: (ii) Tropical grassland region

Q26. Pampas grassland is located in—
(i) North America
(ii) South America
(iii) Africa
(iv) Australia

Answer: (ii) South America

Q27. Campos grassland is found in—
(i) Argentina
(ii) Brazil
(iii) Venezuela
(iv) South Africa

Answer: (ii) Brazil

Q28. Prairie grassland is located in—
(i) Asia
(ii) Africa
(iii) North America
(iv) Europe

Answer: (iii) North America

Q29. The Taiga forest is mainly found in the—
(i) Equatorial region
(ii) Tropical region
(iii) High latitude region
(iv) Desert region

Answer: (iii) High latitude region

Q30. The Taiga forest is also known as—
(i) Tropical forest
(ii) Deciduous forest
(iii) Coniferous forest
(iv) Thorn forest

Answer: (iii) Coniferous forest

Q31. The Mediterranean region experiences—
(i) Hot dry summer and cold winter
(ii) Cold dry winter and wet summer
(iii) Hot dry summer and mild wet winter
(iv) Heavy rainfall throughout the year

Answer: (iii) Hot dry summer and mild wet winter

Q32. Mediterranean vegetation mainly consists of—
(i) Tall evergreen trees
(ii) Short hardwood trees and shrubs
(iii) Coniferous trees
(iv) Grass only

Answer: (ii) Short hardwood trees and shrubs

Q33. The Tundra region is located near the—
(i) Equator
(ii) Tropic of Cancer
(iii) Tropic of Capricorn
(iv) Polar regions

Answer: (iv) Polar regions

Q34. Vegetation of the Tundra region mainly consists of—
(i) Tall trees
(ii) Grass and shrubs
(iii) Mosses and lichens
(iv) Hardwood trees

Answer: (iii) Mosses and lichens

Q35. Which continent has no permanent human settlement?
(i) Africa
(ii) Europe
(iii) Australia
(iv) Antarctica

Answer: (iv) Antarctica

Q36. The Congo River basin is located in—
(i) Asia
(ii) Africa
(iii) South America
(iv) Europe

Answer: (ii) Africa

Q37. Which ocean lies between Africa and Australia?
(i) Atlantic Ocean
(ii) Pacific Ocean
(iii) Indian Ocean
(iv) Arctic Ocean

Answer: (iii) Indian Ocean

Q38. Which continent lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere?
(i) Africa
(ii) South America
(iii) Australia
(iv) Asia

Answer: (iii) Australia

Q39. Rice is the main crop of the—
(i) Mediterranean region
(ii) Monsoon region
(iii) Desert region
(iv) Tundra region

Answer: (ii) Monsoon region

Q40. The study of continents, oceans and natural regions comes under—
(i) Physical Geography
(ii) Human Geography
(iii) Regional Geography of the World
(iv) Cartography

Answer: (iii) Regional Geography of the World

B. Very Short Type Questions (1 Mark)

Answer: A town-centred or market-centred region is an example of a nodal region.

Answer: A functional region is a region determined on the basis of functional relationship among different elements, usually centred around a town or market.

Answer: Eskimos.

Answer: Pampas.

Answer: Mediterranean region.

Answer: Asia.

Answer: A homogeneous region is a region identified on the basis of similarity of selected geographical elements.

Answer: Tropic of Cancer.

Answer: Monsoon region.

Answer: Asia.

Answer: The equatorial region lies on both sides of the Equator.

Answer: Savannah is a tropical grassland with scattered trees.

Answer: India.

Extra Very Short Type Questions (1 Mark)

Q1. What is Regional Geography?
Answer: Regional Geography is the branch of geography which presents the overall geographical picture of a region.

Q2. What is meant by a region?
Answer: A region is an area having certain common characteristics.

Q3. Why is the earth divided into regions?
Answer: The earth is divided into regions to study its geographical diversity conveniently.

Q4. On what two bases are regions generally divided?
Answer: On the basis of homogeneity and functional relationship.

Q5. What is a homogeneous region?
Answer: A homogeneous region is a region identified on the basis of similarity of selected elements.

Q6. Give one example of a natural region.
Answer: Monsoon region.

Q7. What is a functional region?
Answer: A functional region is a region determined on the basis of functional relationship among different elements.

Q8. Around what does a functional region generally develop?
Answer: Around a town or market centre.

Q9. Give an example of a functional region.
Answer: A town-centred region.

Q10. What is a linguistic region?
Answer: A linguistic region is a region where a similar language is spoken.

Q11. Name one linguistic region mentioned in the book.
Answer: Assamese linguistic region.

Q12. What type of region is the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam?
Answer: A small natural region.

Q13. How many continents are there in the world?
Answer: Seven.

Q14. Which is the largest continent of the world?
Answer: Asia.

Q15. Which is the smallest continent of the world?
Answer: Australia.

Q16. Which is the largest ocean of the world?
Answer: Pacific Ocean.

Q17. Which is the smallest ocean of the world?
Answer: Arctic Ocean.

Q18. Which continent is known as the Dark Continent?
Answer: Africa.

Q19. What is the natural vegetation of the equatorial region?
Answer: Evergreen forest.

Q20. Where is the equatorial region located?
Answer: On both sides of the Equator.

Q21. What type of rainfall occurs in the equatorial region?
Answer: Heavy rainfall throughout the year.

Q22. What is savannah?
Answer: Savannah is a tropical grassland with scattered trees.

Q23. Name the grassland of Argentina.
Answer: Pampas.

Q24. Name the grassland of Brazil.
Answer: Campos.

Q25. Name the grassland of North America.
Answer: Prairie.

Q26. Name the grassland of South Africa.
Answer: Veld.

Q27. Which natural region is characterised by hot and dry summer and mild wet winter?
Answer: Mediterranean region.

Q28. What type of vegetation is found in the Mediterranean region?
Answer: Short hardwood trees and shrubs.

Q29. What is Taiga forest?
Answer: Taiga forest is a cold coniferous forest.

Q30. In which region is Taiga forest found?
Answer: High latitude region.

Q31. What is the vegetation of the Tundra region?
Answer: Mosses and lichens.

Q32. Where is the Tundra region located?
Answer: Near the polar regions.

Q33. Which continent has no permanent human settlement?
Answer: Antarctica.

Q34. In which continent is the Sahara Desert located?
Answer: Africa.

Q35. Which parallel of latitude passes through the Sahara Desert?
Answer: Tropic of Cancer.

Q36. In which continent is the Gobi Desert located?
Answer: Asia.

Q37. Name one country of the monsoon region.
Answer: India.

Q38. What is the main economic activity of the monsoon region?
Answer: Agriculture.

Q39. What type of region is determined by functional relationship?
Answer: Functional region.

Q40. What does Regional Geography of the World study?
Answer: Continents, oceans and natural regions of the world.

C. Previous Year Short Answer Type Questions (2–3 Marks)

Q1. What do you mean by a region? [HSLC ’10]
Answer: A region is an area of the earth’s surface which has certain common or similar characteristics and is different from other areas.

Q2. Give two examples of uniform (homogeneous) region. [HSLC ’10]
Answer: Two examples of uniform (homogeneous) region are—
Monsoon region
Equatorial region

Q3. State three characteristics of the Mediterranean region. [HSLC ’10]
Answer: Three characteristics of the Mediterranean region are—
Summer is hot and dry
Winter is mild and wet
Short hardwood trees and shrubs are found

Q4. Name two mountains of Asia. [HSLC ’11]
Answer: Two mountains of Asia are—
Himalayas
Karakoram

Q5. What is the basis of identifying natural regions on the earth? [HSLC ’11]
Answer: Natural regions are identified on the basis of similarity of—
Climate
Soil and natural vegetation

Q6. Mention the climatic characteristics of the Polar region. [HSLC ’11]
Answer: The climatic characteristics of the Polar region are—
Extremely cold climate throughout the year
Very low rainfall, mostly in the form of snow

Q7. Name two major cities of Southern Australia. [HSLC ’12]
Answer: Two major cities of Southern Australia are—
Adelaide
Melbourne

Q8. Mention three special characteristics of Mediterranean climate. [HSLC ’12]
Answer: Three special characteristics of Mediterranean climate are—
Hot and dry summer
Mild and rainy winter
Winter rainfall caused by westerlies

Q9. Name two animals of the Polar region. [HSLC ’13]
Answer: Two animals of the Polar region are—
Polar bear
Reindeer

Q10. Name two rivers of Africa. [HSLC ’13]
Answer: Two rivers of Africa are—
Nile
Congo

Q11. Mention two characteristics of the Mediterranean region. [HSLC ’14]
Answer: Two characteristics of the Mediterranean region are—
Hot dry summer
Mild wet winter

Q12. Write the names of three natural regions located in mid-latitude belt. [HSLC ’14]
Answer: Three natural regions located in the mid-latitude belt are—
Mediterranean region
Mid-latitude grassland region
Taiga (cold coniferous) region

Q13. Mention the name of three countries located in the Equatorial Region. [HSLC ’14]
Answer: Three countries located in the Equatorial Region are—
Brazil
Congo
Indonesia

Q14. Name two countries of the Equatorial Region. [HSLC ’15]
Answer: Two countries of the Equatorial Region are—
Brazil
Congo

Q15. Give three examples of Homogeneous Region. [HSLC ’15]
Answer: Three examples of homogeneous region are—
Monsoon region
Equatorial region
Mediterranean region

Q16. Write the names of three African countries located in the Sahara Desert region. [HSLC ’15]
Answer: Three African countries located in the Sahara Desert region are—
Egypt
Libya
Algeria

Q17. Write the latitudinal extension of monsoon area in two hemispheres. [HSLC ’16]
Answer: The monsoon area extends—
From 10° N to 30° N in the Northern Hemisphere
From 10° S to 20° S in the Southern Hemisphere

Q18. Write the names of grasslands in the mid-latitude grassland region of the world. [HSLC ’16]
Answer: The grasslands of the mid-latitude grassland region are—
Prairies (North America)
Pampas (South America)
Veld (South Africa)

Q19. Why does the Mediterranean region enjoy rainfall in winter? [HSLC ’16]
Answer: The Mediterranean region receives rainfall in winter due to the influence of westerly winds.

Q20. Name two countries of the Monsoon region. [HSLC ’17]
Answer: Two countries of the Monsoon region are—
India
Bangladesh

Q21. Define natural region and give two names of natural regions of the world. [HSLC ’17]
Answer: A natural region is a region identified on the basis of similarity of natural elements.
Two natural regions of the world are—
Equatorial region
Monsoon region

Q22. Write the names of three countries of South America continent. [HSLC ’17]
Answer: Three countries of South America are—
Brazil
Argentina
Chile

Q23. Write the names of two deserts of the Tropical Hot Desert region. [HSLC ’18]
Answer: Two deserts of the Tropical Hot Desert region are—
Sahara Desert
Thar Desert

Q24. What is natural region? Mention two characteristics of the Equatorial region. [HSLC ’18]
Answer: A natural region is a region identified on the basis of similarity of natural elements.
Two characteristics of the Equatorial region are—
Heavy rainfall throughout the year
Evergreen forests are found

Q25. Mention two characteristics of the Cold Polar region. [HSLC ’19]
Answer: Two characteristics of the Cold Polar region are—
Extremely cold climate
Sparse population

Q26. What is meant by ‘Regional Geography’? What is its significance? [HSLC ’19]
Answer: Regional Geography is the branch of geography which studies a region as a whole.
Its significance is—
It gives a complete geographical picture of a region
It helps to understand the relationship between physical and human elements

Q27. How does the physiography of Asia influence its climate? [HSLC ’19]
Answer: The physiography of Asia influences its climate in the following ways—
High mountain barriers like the Himalayas prevent cold winds from the north
The vast plains allow monsoon winds to penetrate deep into the continent

Q28. Write the names of three important lakes of Africa. [HSLC ’19]
Answer: Three important lakes of Africa are—
Lake Victoria
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Nyasa

Q29. Mention any two characteristics of the Tropical Grassland Region. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Two characteristics of the Tropical Grassland Region are—
Seasonal rainfall
Tall grasses with scattered trees

Q30. Define Regional Geography. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Regional Geography is the branch of geography that presents a complete geographical picture of a particular region.

Q31. Describe the location of the continent of Oceania. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: The continent of Oceania is located—
Entirely in the Southern Hemisphere
Between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean

Q32. Give the names of two densely populated regions of Africa. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Two densely populated regions of Africa are—
Nile Valley
Mediterranean coastal region

Q33. Mention any two rivers of the continent of Europe. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Two rivers of Europe are—
Danube
Rhine

Q34. Give three reasons why population density is more in the river valleys. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Population density is more in river valleys because—
Fertile alluvial soil
Availability of water
Easy means of transport and communication

Q35. Name any three important deserts located in the Tropical Hot Desert region of the world. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Three important deserts of the Tropical Hot Desert region are—
Sahara Desert
Thar Desert
Kalahari Desert

Q36. Mention any three important plateaus of the continent of Asia. [HSLC ’20]
Answer: Three important plateaus of Asia are—
Tibetan Plateau
Deccan Plateau
Iranian Plateau

Q37. Define linguistic region. [HSLC ’22]
Answer: A linguistic region is a region identified on the basis of similarity of language spoken by the people.

Q38. Name two natural regions of the world. [HSLC ’22]
Answer: Two natural regions of the world are—
Equatorial region
Monsoon region

Q39. Mention two important crops of the Monsoon region. [HSLC ’22]
Answer: Two important crops of the Monsoon region are—
Rice
Tea

Q40. Briefly write the characteristics of the Mediterranean region. [HSLC ’22]
Answer: The characteristics of the Mediterranean region are—
Hot dry summer
Mild wet winter
Short hardwood vegetation

Q41. State why population is very sparse in the Cold Polar region. [HSLC ’22]
Answer: Population is very sparse in the Cold Polar region because—
Extremely cold climate
Lack of vegetation and economic activities

Q42. Write briefly about the climate of Africa. [HSLC ’22]
Answer: The climate of Africa is characterised by—
Hot climate in most parts
Equatorial climate near the Equator and desert climate in the northern and southern parts

Q43. Mention the name of two countries located in the Mediterranean region. [HSLC ’23]
Answer: Two countries located in the Mediterranean region are—
Italy
Spain

Q44. Define Regional Geography and mention its significance. [HSLC ’23]
Answer: Regional Geography is the branch of geography that studies a region as a whole.
Its significance is—
It gives a complete geographical picture of a region
It helps in regional planning

Q45. Briefly describe the environmental characteristics of the high mountainous region. [HSLC ’23]
Answer: The environmental characteristics of the high mountainous region are—
Cold climate
Steep slopes and thin soil
Sparse population

Q46. Present a brief account of the mineral resources of North America. [HSLC ’23]
Answer: North America is rich in mineral resources such as—
Coal
Iron ore
Petroleum

Q47. Define “Natural Region”. [HSLC ’23]
Answer: A natural region is a region identified on the basis of similarity of natural elements like climate, soil, vegetation and relief.

Extra Short Answer Type Questions (2–3 Marks)

Answer: The earth is divided into different regions because—

1. It helps in the systematic study of geography
2. It helps to understand similarities and differences between areas

Answer: Two differences between homogeneous region and functional region are—

1. Homogeneous region is based on similarity, whereas functional region is based on functional relationship
2. Homogeneous region may exist independently, whereas functional region depends on a central place

Answer: Two characteristics of natural regions are—

1. They are based on physical elements like climate and vegetation
2. They have uniform natural features

Answer: Heavy rainfall occurs in the Equatorial region because—

1. High temperature causes strong convection
2. Presence of equatorial low-pressure belt

Answer: Two characteristics of the Monsoon climate are—

1. Seasonal reversal of winds
2. Rainfall mainly in summer

Answer: Population is sparse in the desert region because—

1. Very low rainfall
2. Scarcity of water

Answer: Two characteristics of Equatorial vegetation are—

1. Dense evergreen forests
2. Trees have broad leaves

Answer: Two important grasslands of the world and their continents are—

1. Prairie – North America
2. Pampas – South America

Answer: Two characteristics of the Tropical Grassland region are—

1. Tall grasses with scattered trees
2. Seasonal rainfall

Answer: Agriculture is well developed in the Monsoon region because—

1. Adequate rainfall
2. Fertile alluvial soil

Answer: Two characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation are—

1. Short hardwood trees
2. Thick bark and deep roots

Answer: Two characteristics of the Taiga forest are—

1. Coniferous trees dominate
2. Long severe winter

Answer: Population is sparse in the Polar region because—

1. Extremely cold climate
2. Lack of vegetation and resources

Answer: Two characteristics of Tundra vegetation are—

1. Mosses and lichens are found
2. Trees are absent

Answer: Trade develops in coastal regions because—

1. Availability of sea routes
2. Presence of ports

Answer: Two characteristics of the High Mountain region are—

1. Cold climate
2. Steep slopes

Answer: River valleys are favourable for settlement because—

1. Fertile soil
2. Availability of water

Answer: Two characteristics of Africa’s climate are—

1. Hot climate in most parts
2. Presence of equatorial and desert climates

Answer: Two natural regions found in the mid-latitude belt are—

1. Mediterranean region
2. Mid-latitude grassland region

Answer: Two advantages of studying Regional Geography are—

1. Helps in regional planning
2. Gives a complete picture of a region